PHP 匿名类

Posted by 撒得一地 on 2016年7月15日 in PHP笔记

何为匿名类?

匿名类是不能有名字的类,它们不能被引用,只能在创建时用New语句来声明它们。

正因为没有名字,所以匿名内部类只能使用一次,它通常用来简化代码编写。

PHP 7 开始支持匿名类。 匿名类很有用,可以创建一次性的简单对象。比如:

<?php
// PHP 7 之前的代码
class Logger
{
    public function log($msg)
    {
        echo $msg;
    }
}

$util->setLogger(new Logger());

// 使用了 PHP 7+ 后的代码
$util->setLogger(new class {
    public function log($msg)
    {
        echo $msg;
    }
});

PHP7 匿名类中,不仅可以传递参数到匿名类的构造器,也可以扩展(extend)其他类、实现接口(implement interface),以及像其他普通的类一样使用 trait

<?php
class SomeClass {}
interface SomeInterface {}
trait SomeTrait {}

var_dump(new class(10) extends SomeClass implements SomeInterface {
    private $num;
    public function __construct($num)
    {
        $this->num = $num;
    }
    use SomeTrait;
});

以上例程会输出:

object(class@anonymous)#1 (1) {
	 ["Command line code0x104c5b612":"class@anonymous":private]=>
	  int(10)
}

PHP 匿名类被嵌套进普通 Class 后,不能访问这个外部类(Outer class)的 private(私有)、protected(受保护)方法或者属性。 为了访问外部类(Outer class)protected 属性或方法,PHP 匿名类可以 extend(扩展)此外部类。 为了使用外部类(Outer class)的 private 属性,必须通过构造器传进来:

<?php
class Outer
{
    private $prop = 1;
    protected $prop2 = 2;
    protected function func1()
    {
       return 3;
    }

    public function func2()
    {
        return new class($this->prop) extends Outer {
            private $prop3;
            public function __construct($prop)
            {
                $this->prop3 = $prop;
            }

            public function func3()
            {
                return $this->prop2 + $this->prop3 + $this->func1();
            }
        };
    }
}
echo (new Outer)->func2()->func3();

以上例程会输出:

6

以下列举了三个关于 PHP 匿名类的例子,不仅非常基础而且易于理解:

<?php
// First way - anonymous class assigned directly to variable
//第一种方式,为匿名类直接分配参数
$ano_class_obj = new class{
    public $prop1 = 'hello';
    public $prop2 = 754;
    const SETT = 'some config';

    public function getValue()
    {
        // do some operation
        return 'some returned value';
    }

    public function getValueWithArgu($str)
    {
        // do some operation
        return 'returned value is '.$str;
    }
};

echo "\n";
var_dump($ano_class_obj);

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj->prop1;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj->prop2;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj::SETT;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj->getValue();

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj->getValueWithArgu('OOP');

echo "\n";

// Second way - anonymous class assigned to variable via defined function
//第二种方式,在自定义函数内将生成的匿名类作为结果返回
$ano_class_obj_with_func = ano_func();
function ano_func()
{
    return new class {
        public $prop1 = 'hello';
        public $prop2 = 754;
        const SETT = 'some config';
        public function getValue()
        {
            // do some operation
            return 'some returned value';
        }

        public function getValueWithArgu($str)
        {
            // do some operation
            return 'returned value is '.$str;
        }
    };
}

echo "\n";
var_dump($ano_class_obj_with_func);

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_func->prop1;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_func->prop2;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_func::SETT;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_func->getValue();

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_func->getValueWithArgu('OOP');

echo "\n";
echo "\n";

// Third way - passing argument to anonymous class via constructors
第三种方式,传递参数给匿名类构造函数
$arg = 1; // we got it by some operation

$config = [2, false]; // we got it by some operation

$ano_class_obj_with_arg = ano_func_with_arg($arg, $config);

function ano_func_with_arg($arg, $config)
{
    return new class($arg, $config) {
        public $prop1 = 'hello';
        public $prop2 = 754;
        public $prop3, $config;
        const SETT = 'some config';

        public function __construct($arg, $config)
        {
            $this->prop3 = $arg;
            $this->config =$config;
        }

        public function getValue()
        {
            // do some operation
            return 'some returned value';
        }

        public function getValueWithArgu($str)
        {
            // do some operation
            return 'returned value is '.$str;
        }
    };
}

echo "\n";
var_dump($ano_class_obj_with_arg);

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_arg->prop1;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_arg->prop2;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_arg::SETT;

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_arg->getValue();

echo "\n";
echo $ano_class_obj_with_arg->getValueWithArgu('OOP');

echo "\n";
echo "\n";

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